Leadership Models in Action

IntroductionLeaders are conceived while others are made presumably sounds clichã © however one undisputable actuality is that authority is basic to directing a business or association to progress. As Jack Welch cites ‘Good business pioneers make a dream, articulate the vision, same day essay writing enthusiastically own and persistently drive it to consummation. (www.thinkexist.com.) Notably, there are numerous pioneers who have existed in past century yet ostensibly not very many incredible pioneers exist. Moreover, the diverse incredible pioneers apply distinctive administration approaches just as have diverse initiative characteristics. Regardless, there are different perspectives that cut over the numerous initiative models and attributes, for example, duty, drive, enthusiasm, strengthening, conclusiveness and versatility. (Bennis, 2002).  In request to obviously show initiative in business this paper will concentrate on AT and T Network administrator Thomas Reeds who is doubtful a good exampl e in the authority circles. His administration approach is both affected and moving and later in the paper a couple of models will be utilized to exhibit why is cause this claim.Jack To welch orders consideration in corporate initiative circles as his visionary authority resuscitated the organizations in the US during 1980 and to date; his ways of thinking keep on changing during conventional organizations to incredible organizations Thomas Reeds.â Follows in the strides of this extraordinary CEO and his authority approach is consistently transformational. His capacity to rouse and empower adherents to a specific bearing in accomplishing the company’s objectives is brilliant.Some, how he adjusts corporate techniques to day by day tasks of representatives and explains issues to the workers that they get a more noteworthy image of what is normal. Along these lines, he energizes and imbues responsibility of workers to future objectives. More to that, his accentuation on value- based parts of pioneers for example a greater amount of the bread and butter is additionally shows in his initiative methodology. This is found in the manner he supports a give and take ‘win win’ circumstance in authority. Representatives are respected for meeting targets and consistence to adjusted desires. His two years in that post has created AT&T a slick measure of benefits which is esteemed to proceed. Thomas may seem like an overwhelming individual and conceivable go about in that capacity. Be that as it may, his capacity to consolidate lowliness and profound energetic will fro achievement is practically incomprehensible. He’s is really a level 5 leader.By level 5 pioneers it implies a pioneer who has arrived at the most elevated hierarchal degree of his initiative capacities and has had the option to lead an organization from a decent to an extraordinary organization with considerable continued greatness (Morris, 2006). As a matter of fact, the improv ed status of AT&T organization has not been an element of Thomas Reed’s initiative methodology alone, but instead he has utilized his impact it guarantee that different variables important to change AT &T are available in the organization, the correct association culture and vital assets among others. He has been in charge, all things considered, Initiative isn't tied in with flaunting what one can yet really doing if so others can perceive what should be done and how it is done.This is the thing that Thomas Reeds consistently says. His dressing and cheerful disposition can nearly commit one error him for an understudy. He blend with the workers at AT&T to recognize what their perspectives are and get contribution on what needs toâ be improved or changed. It is not necessarily the case that Thomas Reeds is one to joke around with. His straightforward and horrendous assurance in life likewise makes him an individual to rise up to be tallied. Most occasions, it is conceivable to discover Thomas sharing his initial educational encounters with other hopeful pioneers under his stewardship of how he experienced childhood in the firm, battled through school and college to where he is currently. His encounters are continually reviving and engaging and it isn't difficult to see the iron will and enthusiasm to sustain ability in his adherents. He motivates them to be as well as can be expected be. Misfortunes will consistently come your direction he says however it is up to you make a firm determination to remain ahead or hold tight as opposed to very. Apparently, extreme occasions slice out pioneers to be great and strong.Indisputably, Thomas Reeds authority approach has been affected by Welch’s dependable guidelines for example, the significant of eradicating organization in the business positioning the clients and investors exceptionally and ruling piece of the overall industry. These lessons applied combined with special qualities, for ex ample, smoothing out the workforce set out Thomas initiative styles as the explanation for the company’s success.Nevertheless, Thomas feels that change and dynamism in authority is a vital credit to powerful administration in today’s business condition. He rushes to take note of that in spite of the fact that Welch and Sloan’s ways of thinking were no not exactly splendid; their pertinence is currently wearing off. He feels that the difficulties that the authority approaches created by the two driving forces of initiative achievement were intended to overcome the hindrances and issue of the then occasions and new administration moved toward should be created to viably confront the new difficulties in the advanced period. However he doesn't limit the way that Welch methods are as yet usable and can contribute colossally in the accomplishment of a company.Leadership moves individuals or rather catches the brains and spirits of individuals. As indicated by essayist s Goffee and Jones (2000) administration is about outcomes yet simultaneously isn't just about execution yet in addition meaning. Consistent with this articulation, it is difficult to energize individuals to phenomenal levels without empowering them first observe the importance and worth behind the activities. For this situation extemporary administration copies execution and maybe this is the thing that causes organizations with incredible pioneers to exceed expectations uniquely in contrast to the ones that simply have alright pioneers. This they do by making execution important. (Goffee and Jones, 2000).Given this knowledge a basic glance at AT&T Network trough, Thomas Reeds initiative methodology, it is clear that he makes his workers or supporters discover importance in their undertakings. This is done so that corporate systems are deciphered ot significant plans and especially day by day assignment of the workers to such an extent that the change and improved execution beg ins from the base to the top.After executive gatherings with corporate boards of trustees, Thomas Reeds goes out his own specific manner ot assemble for independent conferences with various gatherings of staff to talk about how the corporate procedures influence them and how the staff remain to profit by actualizing the targets of the organization. This has encouraged AT&T workforce to accomplish meaning and at last promise to remarkable execution. While others may consider Thomas’ methodology as toiled and depleting, Thomas feels that it is an important cost to pay if a pioneer is ot see any consequence of his activities. It is likewise as of now that a leader’s characteristics and energy for qualification and greatness is tested.Notable, there are pioneers and afterward there are legitimate pioneers. This prompts the mission of finding genuine administration in AT&T chief Thomas. Bona fide pioneers are sacrificial yet are not hesitant to communicate oneself, ethically guided soundness and nit only instrumental thinking whereby the end legitimizes the methods among others. From my countable contacts with Thomas, it is clear that his magnanimous nature just as emotionless way of thinking of withdrawing one self fro untrustworthy practices and entanglements. In mask explain his legitimacy as a leader.Welch epitomizes the standards of authority very well, for example, he was knowledgeable in the representatives assignments and his own obligations. What's more, he tackled the should be keeping watch for new open doors that could lead GE higher than ever and where things went astray; he was not timid to assume liability for his activities other than looking for a substitute. As indicated by Welch, the significant thing is to break down the circumstance, right it on the off chance that conceivable or discover exercise/s from it and afterward continues to the following test with fortitude and better information. In initiative position, choices are made without fail and a pioneer ought to be fit for settling on ideal and precise choices quick on the off chance that it is to have any effect. This Welch had aced. Initiative is tied in with paying special mind to the prosperity of the workforce, keeping them educated just as showing others how its done. It is obvious that Welch exemplified these characteristics too.ConclusionIt isn't phenomenal to hear individuals state that they need to be progressively powerful pioneers. Incredible pioneers are improved through training and long periods of gaining from past triumphs and disappointments. The test in this way is for youthful hopeful pioneers to work in the fundamentals loan by the exceptional pioneers, for example, Welch and Sloan and above all else have responsibility and energy to diagramming extemporary authority which, who knows may beâ a legend for future generations.ReferencesBennis, W. (2002). Will the heritage live on? The Harvard Business Review, 80(2), 95-100Colli ngwood, H., and Couto, D.L. (2002). Jack on jack. The Harvard Business Review, 80(2), 88-94Collins, J. (2001). Level 5 authority: the triumph of modesty and savage determination. Harvard Business Review, 79(1), 67-76Goffee, R. and Jones, G. (2000). For what reason would it be advisable for anyone to be driven by you? Harvard Business audit, 78(5), 62-70.Morris, B. (2006). Destroying the Jack Welch playbook. Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/2006/07/10/magazines/fortue/rules.fortune/Think exist.com Famous Quotes. Recovered on October 24, 2007 from World Wide Web  â â http://www.thinkexist.com/

Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

Imprint Twain’s book Huckleberry Finn is a charming book to peruse. Imprint Twain is an astounding essayist, and makes the book comical, and consideration getting, simultaneously, it is instructing about significant issues or bondage and teaching on miserable family circumstances. Huckleberry Finn is a work of art. One of the principal manners by which it is an exemplary is the means by which it tends to issues of society. It shows the contrasts between classes, between the blacks and the whites. It shows Jim’s battle for opportunity, and the little white kid who doesn’t realize anything better than to support him. While the entirety of the white culture is looking down on blacks, one white individual, not knowing the earnestness of what he is doing, is eager to help Jim gain his opportunity.      Another way that this book is clearly a great is the means by which the individuals in it and their difficulties are available to the perusers. Huck himself appears to have a lot of issues. In the start of this book, he is living with two more seasoned women, he doesn’t appreciate that, and the peruser turns out to be very much aware of that. One of different issues that he has is with his dad. His dad is simply utilizing him for the cash that he has and beats him normally, and at that point seizes him, only for demonstrate hatred for, not on the grounds that he cherishes him, and one of different issues that he has is attempting to free Jim and to do what he feels is correct. Jim has his a lot of issues, and they are additionally open to the peruser, in light of the fact that that is the thing that the book is generally about, liberating Jim and all the circumstances that happen during that. In this book, a large portion of the characters’ issues are available to the peruser, in light of the fact that without them, the book would have next to no exciting bends in the road of plot.      A way that this book shows that it is a great is that the work is unique. This is exceptionally evident. Imprint Twain has his own composing style. It is not normal for some other. Twain is a decent narrator, and seems to appreciate that. His narrating style is not the same as others in that he assaults troublesome issues through his accounts. He expounds on bondage and opportunity from an impartial vantage point. A large portion of different scholars of his day and age wouldn’t set out to examine sensitive points that way, yet Twain decided to do that, and he did it well.

An analysis of Information Security Governance in the Universities in Zimbabwe Essay Example for Free

An investigation of Information Security Governance in the Universities in Zimbabwe Essay Dynamic The intricacy and criticality of data security and its administration request that it be raised to the most noteworthy authoritative levels. Inside a college arrangement, data resources incorporate understudy and work force records, wellbeing and money related data, examine information, instructing and learning materials and all limited and unlimited electronic library materials. Security of these data resources is among the most noteworthy needs as far as hazard and liabilities, business coherence, and assurance of college notorieties. As a basic asset, data must be dealt with like some other resource fundamental to the endurance and achievement of the association. In this paper the author will talk about the requirement for actualizing Information Security Governance inside organizations of advanced education. Farther than that, a conversation on the best way to best practice Information Security administration inside the colleges in Zimbabwe followed by an appraisal on how far the Zimbabwean colleges have actualized Information Security Governance. A mix of surveys and meetings will be utilized as an apparatus to accumulate information and a few suggestions are expressed towards the finish of the paper. Presentation Administration, as characterized by the IT Governance Institute (2003), is the â€Å"set of obligations and practices practiced by the board and official administration with the objective of giving vital heading, guaranteeing that destinations are accomplished, learning that dangers are overseen properly and confirming that the enterprise’s assets are utilized responsibly.† Information security administration is the framework by which an association coordinates and controls data security (adjusted from ISO 38500). It indicates the responsibility structure and gives oversight to guarantee that dangers are enough alleviated just as guaranteeing that security procedures are lined up with business and reliable with guidelines. To practice powerful undertaking and data security administration, sheets and senior administrators must have an away from of what's in store from their enterprise’s data security program. They have to know how to directâ the execution of a data security program, how to assess their own status concerning a current security program and how to choose the methodology and goals of a powerful security program (IT Governance Institute, 2006). Partners are turning out to be increasingly more worried about the data security as updates on hacking, information robbery and different assaults happen more oftentimes than any other time in recent memory longed for. Official administration has been showered with the obligation of guaranteeing an association furnishes clients with secure data frameworks condition. Data security isn't just a specialized issue, yet a business and administration challenge that includes sufficient hazard the executives, revealing and responsibility. Compelling security requires the dynamic inclusion of officials to survey developing dangers and the organization’s reaction to them (Corporate Governance Task Force, 2004). Moreover the associations need to ensure themselves against the dangers inborn in the utilization of data frameworks while all the while perceiving the advantages that can gather from having secure data frameworks. Subside Drucker (1993) expressed: â€Å"The dispersion of innovation and the commodification of data changes the job of data into an asset equivalent in significance to the customarily significant assets of land, work and capital.† Consequently as reliance on data framework builds, the criticality of data security carries with it the requirement for successful data security administration. Requirement for Information Security Governance inside colleges. A key objective of data security is to decrease unfriendly effects on the association to an adequate degree of hazard. Data security ensures data resources against the danger of misfortune, operational brokenness, abuse, unapproved divulgence, detachment and harm. It additionally secures against the ever-expanding potential for common or legitimate obligation that associations face because of data error and misfortune, or the nonappearance of due consideration in its insurance. Data security covers all data forms, physical and electronic, in any case whether they include individuals and innovation or associations with exchanging accomplices, clients and outsiders. Data security tends to data insurance, secrecy, accessibility and honesty for the duration of the existence pattern of the data and its utilization inside the association. John P. Pironti (2006) proposed that among numerous explanations behind data securityâ governance, the most significant one is the one worried about the lawful risk, insurance of the organization’s notoriety and administrative consistence. With the college arrangement, all individuals from the college network are committed to regard and, much of the time, to secure secret information. Clinical records, understudy records, certain business related records, library use records, lawyer customer interchanges, and certain exploration and other licensed innovation related records are, subject to restricted exemptions, private as an issue of law. Numerous different classes of records, including workforce and other faculty records, and records identifying with the universitys business and accounts are, as an issue of college approach, treated as classified. Frameworks (equipment and programming) planned essentially to store secret records, (for example, the Financial Information System and Student Information System and every single clinical record frameworks) require upgraded security assurances and are controlled (key) frameworks to which access is firmly checked. Systems give association with records, data, and different systems and furthermore require security insurances. The utilization of college data innovation resources in other than a way and with the end goal of which they were expected speaks to a misallocation of assets and, conceivably, an infringement of law. To accomplish this in today’s mind boggling, interconnected world, data security must be tended to at the most significant levels of the association, not viewed as a specialized claim to fame consigned to the IT office. Data security is a top-down procedure requiring a thorough security methodology that is expressly connected to the organization’s business procedures and system. Security must address whole organization’s forms, both physical and specialized, from start to finish. Consequently, Information security administration requires senior administration duty, a security-mindful culture, advancement of good security practices and consistence with arrangement. It is simpler to purchase an answer than to change a culture, yet even the most secure framework won't accomplish a noteworthy level of security whenever utilized by not well educated, undeveloped, indiscreet or unconcerned work force (IT Governance Institute, 2006). In a meeting the official chief and data security master on IT Governance and digital security with the IT Governance and Cyber Security Institute of sub-Saharan Africa, Dr Richard Gwashy Young has this to state â€Å"†¦remember in Zimbabwe security is viewed as a cost not an investment† (Rutsito, 2012). Advantages of Information Security Governance Great data security administration creates huge advantages, including: The Board of chiefs assuming full liability for Information security activities Increased consistency and decreased vulnerability of business tasks by bringing data security-related dangers down to perceptible and satisfactory levels Protection from the expanding potential for common or lawful risk because of data error or the nonattendance of due consideration. The structure and system to upgrade designation of restricted security assets Assurance of powerful data security arrangement and strategy consistence A firm establishment for productive and successful hazard the executives, process improvement, and fast episode reaction identified with making sure about data A degree of confirmation that basic choices are not founded on defective data Accountability for shielding data during basic business exercises. Compliances with nearby and universal guidelines will be simpler Improved asset the executives, enhancing information, data security and data innovation framework The advantages increase the value of the association by: Improving trust in client/customer connections Ensuring the organization’s notoriety Diminishing probability of infringement of security Furnishing more noteworthy certainty while interfacing with exchanging accomplices Enabling new and better approaches to process electronic exchanges like distributing results on the web and online enlistment. Decreasing operational expenses by giving unsurprising outcomesâ€mitigating hazard factors that may intrude on the procedure The advantages of good data security are not only a decrease in chance or a decrease in the effect should something turn out badly. Great security can improve notoriety, certainty and trust from others with whom business is led, and can even improve productivity by maintaining a strategic distance from sat around and exertion recouping from a security occurrence (IT Governance Institute, 2004). Data Security Governance Outcomes Five essential results can be relied upon to come about because of building up a viable administration way to deal with data security: Strategic arrangement of data security with institutional goals Reduction of hazard and potential business effects on a worthy level Value conveyance through the streamlining of security ventures with institutional destinations Efficient use of security investm

Differential Reinforcement Essay -- essays research papers

     Differential Reinforcement is characterized to happen when conduct is strengthened by being either remunerated or rebuffed while interfacing with others (Siegel, 2003). With this stated, the hypothesis was created as a method of naming both positive, just as negative parts of individual activity. This thought of fortification is a part of the notorious Differential Association hypothesis introduced by Edwin H. Sutherland in 1939. Another regularly utilized term for this hypothesis of support is called differential molding (Siegel, 2003). As referenced, the kinds of fortification are either positive or negative, and work on the aftereffects of explicit violations or arbitrary acts. Remunerating practices clearly inclinations such activity to be rehashed, while discipline regularly prevents those guilty parties from rehashing their equivalent slip-ups. Child rearing practices, social gatherings, schools, TV, and the network are only a couple of the models that are connec ted to this hypothesis. As indicated by Ronald Akers (1966), every conduct an individual submits is an educated conduct, which means some kind of outside power made ready to this different information. This hypothesis goes connected at the hip with the belief system that he contended in his examinations, yet centers around the delayed consequences (or results), as opposed to counteraction or control. This hypothesis doesn't help bolster the adequacy of prevention, yet it gives us a little understanding on why individuals choose to take part in crime. Maybe the most compelling gathering in molding someone’s conduct is their friend gathering. Take for instance, group action. Road groups, however typically found in profoundly urbanized territories, despite everything exist and even flourish all through the vast majority of the United States. It is the wellbeing, security, and force that impacts these individuals with broken, hazardous and inaccessible reasoning, which for the mo st part winds up in some kind of negative fortification. Blame is frequently by relationship, just as socialization. Absolutely, this relationship rules the hypothesis of wrongdoing as an educated conduct. Nobody is brought into the world with the general information on the best way to violate the law or to just be criminal commonly, however through life encounters and impression of the occasions that encompass them, the crime is found out. Utilize the expert craft of safe (or vault) breaking, for instance. To perform such a stunt, one must be instructed how to do it. Such data is never given during childbirth, or thr... ... techniques to oversee the impacts these groups have on wrongdoing and society.      Between groups, youth and WWC/CV (cushy wrongdoing/corporate brutality), criminologists have their hands full with dissecting the conduct of people. At the point when disciplines exceed the advantage of crime, most wrongdoings are rarely really carried out. Be that as it may, in the event that the danger of discipline is excessively powerless, or insufficient then appropriate activity is generally stayed away from and a wrongdoing gets submitted. Criminologists scan for an approach to make associations by partner these hypotheses with new cases detailed every year. One issue is the carefulness of police and the absence of violations really answered to police. Notwithstanding, it is anything but difficult to see reality behind these ideas. For instance, criminals that are safecrackers more likely than not been instructed to have the option to do that exchange. In any case, with the accessible information and records criminologists do have, there is huge amounts of drawn out data supporting this hypothesis of DR. Without question, differential fortification is a two-path road with human movement. One will consistently influence the other and it is dependent upon the person to go after the constructive, rather than the contrary.

Comprehensive Exam

Comprehensive Exam Comprehensive Exam Home›Research Posts›Comprehensive Exam Research Posts1. Research MethodsPropose a correlation study and an experimental study. Identify the research question/hypothesis, independent and dependent variables and at least two potential confounding variables. Note how you would control for the confounding variablesCorrelation studiesThe main objective of a correlation study is to assess the relationship that exists between various variables, of which there are three possible outcomes in such study. In addition, correlation studies are used in determining the specific variables that have a relationship and the nature of their relationship (Weiner Schinka, 2003). The outcomes can be positive correlation, negative correlation and no correlation (Howitt Cramer, 2008).  It is important to note that it does not imply that there is a casual relationship if two variables are correlated. Therefore, it is imperative to differentiate correlation and causation when carryin g out correlational studies. A correlation coefficient is used to evaluate the correlation strength and it varies from -1 to +1. A positive correlation implies that both variables under study increase and decrease simultaneously. Negative correlation implies that an increase in one variable results to a decrease in the other variable. No correlation implies that there is no relationship between the variables under study (Breakwell, 2006). The following is a proposal of a correlational study.Correlational study: Drinking and involvement in domestic violenceThis study aims to determine the relationship that exists between drinking and ones involvement in domestic violence (Breakwell, 2006). The study will assess the cases of domestic violence and determine whether they occurred as a result of drinking.Research question: does drinking play a significant role in increasing the cases of domestic violence in the United States?The independent variables in this correlation study are:The num ber of householdsThe dependent variables in this study are:Cases of drinking within the householdsThe number of cases of domestic violence as a   result of drinkingThe confounding variables in this correlational study include:The socio-economic status of the householdsPsychiatric problems within the householdsThe nature of relationship within the domestic set up.The confounding variables will be controlled by conducting a prior analysis of the nature of the households and any previous cases of domestic violence within the household. In addition, the study will only be based on instances of domestic violence whereby the victims or the perpetrators are under the influence of alcohol.Experimental studies                     The main objective behind experimental studies is to draw a conclusion regarding the effect that changes in variable can imply on another variable (Breakwell, 2006). It typically involves the manipulation of the variables under study, and comparing the results with control variables, which have not been manipulated (Weiner Schinka, 2003). The following is a proposal of an experimental study.Experimental study: to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive behavior Therapy on rehabilitation of Criminal offendersCognitive Behavior Therapy is one of the intervention strategies that can be used in behavior rectification among criminals. The aim of the study is determine the effectiveness of using Cognitive Behavior Therapy in behavior rectification among criminal offendersResearch Hypothesis:Cognitive Behavior Therapy is an effective intervention strategy in behavior rectification and reducing cases recidivism among criminal offenders.The dependent variables in this study are:The rates of recidivismThe rates of reconviction and re-arrestsScale of behavior improvementThe effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy in rehabilitationThe independent variables in this study are:The number of criminal offenders under studyThe control subjects, who are si milar criminals who are not undergoing similar treatmentsThe confounding variables that will be controlled in this case include:use of other rehabilitation approaches on the subjectsubjects completion of the programOther side outcomes that may result due to the experiment and are not related to the research hypothesis2. Abnormal/Personality Cultural standards play a role in the diagnosis of mental illness. Find a diagnosis in the current DSM and describe (in detail) a culture/country where this would not be seen as a disorder and why it would not be seen as a disorder.The diagnosis of mental illness usually varies, and is subjective to cultural standards; this is because a diagnosis of mental illness under a particular culture may not turn out be a mental illness in another subculture (Fauman, 2002). Such variations in diagnosis in the DSM imply that cultural standards play a significant role in determining diagnosis of a mental illness in a particular region or sub culture. For ins tance, in many developing countries, social networking plays an integral in healing and recovery of patients, this is because the patient participates in the society, and this is similar to the case in developed countries. In the US, there are racial groups that are often diagnosed with cases of Schizophrenia compared to other racial groupings. The implication of this is that there is a connection between societal factors and the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness (Spitzer, 2002).An example of a culture bound psychological disorder is the Psychiatric disorder taijin-kyofu-sho (TKS) that is classified under the DSM IV, which is specific to the young Japanese, and rarely witnessed in other countries or communities outside Japan. This psychological disorder is notable by extreme fear of embarrassing and wronging other individuals. In most cases, it is perceived as a social phobia, whereby people who suffer from it avoid social contact at all times. Such culture specific mental d isorders are usually exaggerated forms of cultural superstitions and patterns of belief that are specific to that particular culture or country. Individuals suffering from TKS have been reported to fear blushing in front of other people because they are afraid of embarrassing other individuals rather than themselves. In addition, they are reported to talk their thoughts aloud, except in cases whereby they fear offending others. This culture-specific disorder in Japan has a correlation with the Japanese culture in the sense that the culture does not embrace concerns associated with shame (Allen Ross, 200).The Diagnosis of TKS in a person includes the individual feeling that his attitude, physical outlook and behaviors are not adequate in social contexts. Because of these feelings, the individual is likely to suffer from emotional distress caused by instances of shame, fear, embarrassment and anxiety, when such a person finds himself ion social circumstances. Moreover, individuals su ffering from TKS are constantly worried of their ability to create and sustain long-term relationships; the outcome of this is that they avoid engaging in relationships with other. The fear of embarrassing others also sums the fact that they cannot maintain relationships with other people (Spitzer, 2002).3. Describe a typical American behavior and where and why it might be seen as a disorderVarious American behaviors differentiate Americans from the rest of the world. One of such behavior is the consistent need to maintain body shape, failure to which results to intense psychological problems within the person. Maintaining body shape is usually characterized by the dire need to maintain body weight, which literally means having the lightest weight possible (American Psychiatric Association, w006). This trend is popular among the American women, whereby body image overrides every aspect of personality within an individual. People are increasingly disturbed with the image of their bod y, with the worst-case scenario involving the fear of gaining weight for an underweight person (Janice, 2005). This American behavior can be perceived as a disorder because a person fears gaining weight, even if one is underweight or becoming fact.The type of disorder does not spare even those who are already fat because their personality and other social aspects are significantly constrained by their body shaped and weight. As such, it may result to social isolation, mood disorders especially in social circumstances whereby a person finds himself among the “perfect” body shapes and increased depression (American Psychiatric Association, w006). Increased depression normally results because of failed attempts to regulate the body weights and shape, or a case of a person who is already fat and cannot reduce his weight within the desired time. Such psychological effects implies that a person’s personality trait is determined by the body shape, and if one cannot attain the desired body shape, he/she suffers from intrinsic depression and social pressure, while at the same time, being subjected to social discrimination on the account of one’s physical outlook (Watters, 2009).A significant constraint with this behavior is that it can be easily confused with cases of malnutrition and intense weight loss; however, such achievements are the key objectives of that person. Therefore, helping such a person is significantly difficult owing to the fact that one’s perception of the perfect shape is characterized by malnutrition and underweight instances. In addition, the constant need to acquire the perfect body shape can ultimately results to anxiety disorders (American Psychiatric Association, w006).